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Justifying U.N veto Among Permanent Members

Posted on April 27, 2022 by admin1  62

In News 

  • The United Nations General Assembly has unanimously adopted a resolution requiring the five permanent members of the Security Council to justify their use of the veto.

About

  • Though the resolution was planned two years ago, the urgency was felt after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine recently.
  • Liechtenstein is the primary sponsor of the resolution but later on France, Britain and Germany along with 100 more counties too joined as co-sponsors.

Need for resolution

  • The objective of the resolution is to make the permanent members more accountable while exercising their right to veto a Security Council resolution.
  • Right to veto is the power of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council to veto or reject any “substantive” resolution.
  • The Security Council  is the most powerful organ of the United Nations.
  • Five permanent members of the Security Council are:
  • U.S.A
  • Russia
  • China
  • U.K
  • France
  • Resolution stresses on the responsibility of a permanent member to explain its decision to the General Assembly.
  • Proponents of the resolution voiced that the veto has been abused by the veto-holders to further their interests in the international geopolitical arena and also to put their rivals in tight spots.

Trajectory of Veto

  • So far more than 200 Security Council proposals have been vetoed.
  • Proposals ranging from Korean War, Israeli-Palestinian conflict, climate change, reporting on weapons stockpiles to governance of a part of the Indian Ocean nation Comoros.
  • Soviet Russia (now Russia) has exercised the most vetoes so far, followed by the US.

                                       Veto usage by permanent members

India’s stand

  • India so far has not been a co-sponsor of the resolution. It has maintained a strategic autonomy so as to not fall in either camp.
  • It’s one of the members of G-4 nations who have potential candidacy for permanent membership at the Security Council.
  • G4 comprises Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan which support each other’s bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council.
  • Germany and Japan have joined the resolution as co-sponsors but Brazil and India have refrained.

Security Council Reforms

  • The Security Council is charged under the UN Charter with ensuring international peace and security. Its permanent members have the right to exercise veto against the Security Council resolution.
  • Reforms of the Security Council have been discussed and debated for more than 40 years now but nothing substantial came out of it.
  • Of late there has been increased demand to revamp the UN’s most powerful organ to reflect current global realities compared to power equations post-World War II when the United Nations was created.
  • Earlier attempts have failed because of permanent members not wanting the dilution of their veto and also because of rivalries between Soviet Russia and U.S led blocks.

Source: TH

 
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