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World Cancer Day

Posted on February 4, 2022 by admin1  56

In News

  • World Cancer Day is observed every year worldwide on February 4 to raise awareness, and reduce the global impact of cancer.

Key Facts

  • Theme 2022: Close the Care Gap
  • National Cancer Awareness Day: 7th November 

What is Cancer?

  • It is a disease that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably. 
    • Spread other parts of the body (metastasizing).
  • These cells may form tumours, which are lumps of tissue. Tumours can be cancerous or non-cancerous (benign). 
  • Oncology is the medical branch that diagnoses, treats and researches cancer cells.
  • Types: Categories of cancers that begin in specific types of cells like Carcinoma (skin), Sarcoma (connective tissues), Leukemia (Bone Marrow) etc.
  • Major Causes: Genetics, Tobacco, Diet, Radiation & Environment. 
  • Treatment: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, Bone marrow transplant etc.

Cancer Burden in India

  • National Cancer Registry Programme Report 2020: Cancer cases in India are likely to increase to 15.6 lakhs by 2025 — a 12% increase from currently estimated cases.
  • Globally, cancer cases increased 21% and deaths 26% from 2010 to 2019. Oral cancer is the most prevalent cancer.
  • WHO: Second leading cause of death globally and in 2018, 18 million cases globally, of which 1.5 million were in India alone.

Government Initiatives

  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Specialized cancer agency of the WHO.
  • SDG: To achieve a one-third reduction in cancer-related deaths by 2030.
  • National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) under NHM.
  • National Health Policy & National Tobacco Control Programme.
  • Government programmes: Ayushman Bharat, Swasthya Bharat, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Poshan Abhiyaan and Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana, FSSAI Labelling.
  • India creates the world’s 1st Database of Genomic Variants of Oral Cancer ‘dbGENVOC’.
  • National Cancer Grid (NCG) is a network of major cancer centres.

 Source: LM

 
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